I. Personal

Shahrough Akhavi
2931 Duncan Street
Columbia, SC 29205
Tel. 803 254 2853

Dept. of Government and International Studies
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208
Tel. 803 777 4574 (office); 777 3108/3109/2675/2676 (messages)
Fax 803 777 8255
e-mail< akhavi@sc.edu>

II. Employment

Professor, Department of Government and International Studies,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
August 1984-present

Associate Professor, Department of Government and International Studies,
 University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
August 1977-August 1984

Assistant Professor, Department of Government and International Studies,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
August 1973-August 1977

Lecturer, Department of Political Science,
University of California, Davis, California
September 1970-June 1973

III. Teaching Interests

Comparative Politics
Middle East Politics
Political Sociology

IV. Education

A. B. International Relations, Brown University, 1962

A. M. Middle East Regional Studies, Harvard University, 1964

Ph.D. Political Science, Columbia University, 1969

V. Publications

Books

Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran: Clergy-State Relations in the Pahlavi Period. Albany: State
University of New York Press, 1980.

Encyclopedias and Dictionaries

Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World, IV Vols. Co-editor. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1995.

Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Senior Consulting Editor. New York: Oxford University Press,
forthcoming

Articles and Chapters

1. "The Middle East Crisis," in United States Foreign Policy in a Changing World, ed. Alan M. Jones,
Jr.. New York: David McKay Publishers, 1973. pp. 176-214.

2. "Egypt: Neo-Patrimonial Elite," in Political Elites and Political Development in the Middle East, ed.
Frank Tachau. Cambridge: Schenkman Publishing Company, 1975. pp. 69-114.

3. "Egypt's Socialism and Marxist Thought: Some Preliminary Observations on Social Theory and
Metaphysics," Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17: 2 (April 1975). pp. 190-211.

4. "Shi`i Social Thought and Praxis in Recent Iranian History," in Islam in the Contemporary World,
ed. Cyriac Pullapilly. South Bend, Indiana: Crossroads Press, 1980. pp. 171-198.

5. "`Ali Shari`atis Gesellschaftstheorie," in Religion und Politik im Iran: Mardom-Nameh -- Jahrbuchzur Geschichte und Gesellschaft des Mittleren Orients, ed. Kurt Greussing. Frankfurt am Main:
Syndikat Verlag, 1980. pp. 178-196.

7. "Clerical Politics in Iran Since 1979," in The Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic: New
Assessments, ed. Nikki R. Keddie. Washington: The Middle East Institute/The Smithsonian
Institution, 1982. pp. 17-28.

8. "Shari`ati's Social Thought," in Religion and Politics in Iran: From Quietism to Revolution,. ed.
Nikki R. Keddie. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983. pp. 125-144.

9. "The Ideology and Praxis of Shi`ism in the Iranian Revolution," Comparative Studies in Society and
History, 25: 2 (April 1983), pp. 195-211.

10. "Ideology and the Iranian Revolution," in Iran Since the Revolution: Internal Dynamics, Regional
Conflicts, and the Superpowers, ed. Barry Rosen. Boulder: Social Science Monographs.
Distributed by Columbia University Press, 1985. pp. xi-xx.

11. "The Power Structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran," in Internal Developments in Iran, ed.
Shireen Hunter. Washington: Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International
Studies. Significant Issues Series, Vol. VIII, no. 3, 1985. pp. 1-14.

12. "Islamic Radicalism and Iranian Politics in the Middle East," in Islamic Fundamentalism and
Islamic Radicalism: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 99th Congress, First Session, June

24, July 15, and September 30, 1985. Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1985. pp.
125-140.

13. "State Formation and Consolidation in Twentieth Century Iran," in The State, Religion and Ethnic
Politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, ed. Ali Banuazizi and Myron Weiner. Syracuse:
Syracuse University Press, 1986. pp. 198-226.

14. "Clerical Politics in Iran Since 1979," in The Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic. 2nd ed.
ed. Nikki Keddie and Eric Hooglund. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986. pp. 57-73.
This article was completely revised from the version that appeared in the first edition of this
work (#7 supra).

15. "Soviet Perceptions of the Iranian Revolution," Iranian Studies, 19: 1 (Winter, 1986). pp. 3-29.

16. "Iran: Implementation of an Islamic State," in Islam in Asia: Religion, Politics, and Society, ed.
John L. Esposito. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. pp. 27-52.

17. "Institutionalizing the New Order in Iran," Current History, 86: 517 (February 1987). pp. 53-56,
83-84.

19. "The Role of the Clergy in Iranian Politics, 1949-1954," in Musaddiq, Iranian Nationalism and Oil,
ed. James A. Bill and Wm. Roger Louis. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988. pp. 91-117.

20. "Islam, Politics, and Society in the Thought of Ayatullah Khumayni, Ayatullah Taliqani, and `Ali
Shari`ati," Middle Eastern Studies, 24: 4 (October 1988). pp. 404-431.

21. "Reflections on a Decade of Scholarship on the Iranian Revolution," The Middle East Journal, 43:
2 (Spring 1989). pp. 289-295.

22. "Islamic Radicalism," Problems of Communism, 38: 4 (July-August 1989). pp. 117-122.

23. "Post-Khomeini Iran: Global and Regional Implications," SAIS Review, 10: 1 (Winter-Spring
1990). pp. 149-162.

24. "The Impact of the Iranian Revolution on Egypt," in The Iranian Revolution: Its Global Impact, ed.
John L. Esposito. Miami: Florida International University Press, 1990. pp. 138-156.

25. "Corporatism, Rentierism, and Shi`ism in the Iranian Revolution," in Comparing Muslim Societies:
Knowledge and the State in a World Civilization, ed. Juan R. I. Cole. Ann Arbor: University
of Michigan Press, 1992. pp. 261-293.

26. "Concepts of Rule and the Role of the Clergy in Egypt and Iran," Annals of the American Academy
of Political and Social Science, 524 (November 1992). pp. 92-102.

27. "Sayyid Qutb: The `Poverty of Philosophy' and the Vindication of Islamic Tradition," in Cultural
Transitions in the Middle East, ed. Serif Mardin. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1994. pp. 130-152.

28. "The Iranian Party System," in Political Parties in the Middle East, ed. Frank Tachau. Westport,
CT: Greenwood Press, 1994. pp. 133-173.

29. "Dawlah" [The State]; "Iran;" "Revolution;" "Sayyid Qutb;" "Ali Shari`ati;" "Shi`i `Ulama' [Shi`i
Clergy], Encyclcopaedia of the Modern Islamic World, I, 353-56; II, 224-232; III, 400-404,
434-437; IV, 46-50; 261-65. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

30. "Contending discourses in Shi`ite Law on the Doctrine of Wilayat al-Faqih," Iranian Studies, 29:
3-4 (Summer-Fall, 1996), pp. 228-268.

31. "The Dialectics of Contemporary Egyptian Social Thought: The Traditionalist and Modernist
Discourses of Sayyid Qutb and Hasan Hanafi,"The International Journal of Middle East
Studies, 29: 3 (August 1997), pp. 377-401.

33. "Ruholla al-Musavi Khomeini," in The Encyclopaedia of Politics and Religion, ed. Robert
Wuthnow, Vol. I Washington, D. C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1998, pp. 444-446.

34. "Social Institutions," Iranian Studies, 31:3-4 (Summer-Fall, 1998), 691-701.

35. "Islam and the West in World History," forthcoming in Donald Puchala and Franke Willmer, eds.,
Through Others’ Eyes.

36. "Sunni Modernist Theories of Social Contract in Contemporary Egypt," forthcoming in the
International Journal of Middle East Studies.

Book Reviews

1. L. K. Kimball, The Changing Nature of Political Power in Iraq. Reviewed in Western Political
Quarterly, 26:3 (September 1973). pp. 614-615.

2. Robert Reppa, Israel and Iran. Reviewed in Iranian Studies, 10: 1-2 (Winter-Spring 1977), pp. 96-99.

3. Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Red Star Over the Nile. Reviewed in Middle East Studies Association Bulletin,
11: 3 (October 1977). pp. 42-43.

4. Ergun Ozbudun, Social Change and Political Participation in Turkey. Reviewed in Journal of
Politics, 40: 2 (May 1978). p. 574.

5. Itamar Rabinovich and Haim Shaked, eds., From June to October. Reviewed in Iranian Studies, 12:
3-4 (Summer-Autumn 1979), pp. 297-304.

6. George Lenczowski, The Middle East in World Affairs. Reviewed in Middle East Studies
Association Bulletin, 15: 1 (July 1981). pp. 30-31.

7. Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Iran: The Untold Story. Reviewed in Middle East Journal, 36: 4
(Autumn 1982). pp. 591-592.

8. Farhad Kazemi, ed. The Iranian Revolution in Perspective. Reviewed in Middle East Studies
Association Bulletin, 17: 2 (December 1983). pp. 221-222.

9. James Piscatori, ed. Islam in the Political Process. Reviewed in Journal for the Scientific Study of
Religion, 23: 2 (June 1984). pp. 213-214.

10. Hossein Bashiriyeh, The State and Social Revolution in Iran. Reviewed in Muslim World, 76: 1
(January 1986), pp. 534-535.

11. Said Arjomand, The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam. Reviewed in Social Sciences Quarterly.
66: 3 (September 1985). pp. 743-744.

12. Roy P. Mottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran. Reviewed in Middle
East Journal, 40: 3 (Summer 1986), pp. 534-535.

13. Hossein Razavi and Firuz Vakil, The Political Environment of Economic Planning in Iran, 1971-
1983. Reviewed in International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19: 2 (May 1987). pp. 222-
224.

14. Said Arjomand, ed., Authority and Political Culture in Shi`ism. Reviewed in International Journal
of Middle East Studies. 22: 1 (February 1990). pp. 108-110.

15. Mahfoud Bennoune, The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987. Reviewed in African
Studies Review, 32: 1 (April 1990). pp. 1417-1418.

16. James A. Bill, The Eagle and the Lion. Reviewed in American Political Science Review, 84: 4
(December 1990). pp. 1417-1418.

17. Farideh Farhi, States and Urban-Based Revolutions. Reviewed in Middle East Journal, 45: 4
(Autumn, 1991). pp. 688-689.

18. Tim McDaniel, Autocracy, Modernization, and Revolution in Russia and Iran. Reviewed in
International Journal of Islamic and Arabic Studies. 9:2 (1992), pp. 89-91.

19. Mangol Bayat, Iran's First Revolution: Shi`ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909.
Reviewed in Middle East Journal, 47: 2 (Spring 1993). pp. 335-336.

20. "Communications," exchange of views between Mangol Bayat and myself in regard to my review
of her book in #18 above. Middle East Journal, 48:1 (Winter 1994), pp. 188-189.

21. Mansoor Moaddel, Class, Politics, and Ideology in the Iranian Revolution. Reviewed in Middle
East Journal, 48: 2 (Spring 1994), pp. 362-363.

22. Sami Zubaida, Islam, The People, and the State. Reviewed in International Journal of Middle East
Studies, 27:3 (August 1995), pp. 355-356.

23. Augustus Richard Norton, ed., Civil Society in the Middle East). Reviewed in Journal of Church
and State, 38:1 (Winter 1996), pp. 191-192.

24. Robert D. Lee, Overcoming Tradition and Modernity: The Search for Islamic Authenticity.
Reviewed in International Journal of Middle East Studies, 30: 3 (August 1998), pp. 459-462.

25. Anoushirvan Ehteshami and Raymond A. Hinnebusch, Syria and Iran: Middle Powers in a Penetrated
Regional System. Reviewed in Iranian Studies, 32:3 (Spring 1999), pp. 296-298.

26. Daniel E. Price, Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and Human Rights: A Comparative Study.
Reviewed in American Political Science Review, 94: 2 (June 2000), pp. 493-494.

27. Hamid Dabashi and Peter Chelkowski, Staging a Revolution: The Art of Persuasion in the Islamic
Republic of Iran. Reviewed in Iranian Studies, 33:1-2 (Winter/Spring 2000), pp. 272-275.

28. Abbas Milani, The Persian Sphinx. Reviewed in Journal of Islamic Studies, 12:3 (September 2001),
pp. 355-357.

Current Research

1. The Articulation of Secular and Religious Discourse in Egypt. This monograph is a study of
religious discourse in the writings of modernist thinkers and of secular discourse in the writings
of scripturalists. Authors analyzed include Sayyid Qutb, Hasan Hanafi, Husayn Amin, and
Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, representing the spectrum of modern Egyptian social theory, from
scripturalism, phenomenology, radical modernism, and liberal modernism Articles on this topic
have been published in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
International Journal of Middle East Studies, and Cultural Transition in the Middle East.
Manuscript in circulation to Journal of Islamic Studies.

2. Historicization of social change; theories of the state in contemporary Sunni and Shi‘i Muslim
thought. Preparing articles to circulate to Theory and Society and Iranian Studies
VI. Professional Appointments.

1. Editor of the Middle East Series, State University of New York Press. 1980-present.

2. Editor of the Middle East Series in Politics, History and Law, Routledge Publishers, 2001-

3. President-Elect of the Society for Iranian Studies, the major academic professional society that
focuses upon the study of Iran and the Iranian cultural areas in all periods and from all
disciplinary perspectives. Tenure to run from November 2002-November 2003.

4. Book Review Editor, Iranian Studies, quarterly scholarly review of the Society for Iranian Studies,
editorial offices at Yale University. (1981-1996)

5. Editorial Board Member, Iranian Studies (1996-1998)

6. Elected, Nominating Committee, Middle East Studies Association of North America, 2001-2002

7. Elected, Program Committee, Bi-Annual Conference on Iran, 2002.

8. Chairman, Nominating Committee, Society for Iranian Studies, 1997-1998.

9. Member, Albert Hourani Book Award Committee, Middle East Studies Association, 1993 (for the
best book published in the field of Middle East Studies, 1991-1993)

10. Elected, Nominating Committee, Middle East Studies Association of North America, 1989

VII. Other Professional Activities

1. Authored invited OP-ED article, "Let's Stop Worrying About the Soviet Threat to Iran," Outlook
Section, The Washington Post, 18 March 1987. p. 1.

2. Authored invited OP-ED article, "Behind Khomeini's Anti-Rushdie Edict: Politics? No, Religion."
The New York Times, 25 March 1989, p. 13.

3. Authored invited OP-ED article, "Iran Will Turn to the West in Time," The New York Times, 22
August 1989, p. 23.

4. Authored invited OP-ED article, "Iran Will Stay on the Sidelines," The New York Times, 15 August
1990, p. 19.

5. Authored invited OP-ED article, "Iran's Comeback in the Gulf," The New York Times, Week in
Review Section 4, 10 March 1991, p. 15.

6. Interviewed on national television by the "World Monitor Report," a television presentation of the
Christian Science Monitor, 13 March 1991. The Discovery Channel, 7:30-8:00 PM.

7. Interviewed and cited by name by numerous media sources, such as The New York Times, The Wall
Street Journal, The Christian Science Monitor, The Los Angeles Times, The Philadelphia
Inquirer, Maclean's Magazine (Canada), The Associated Press, Newsday, USA Today, The
Voice of America, The New York Daily News, Business Week, US News and World Report,
Newsweek.

8. Consultant, The New Yorker, 4 and 11 March 1985 issues for the articles entitled "Reflections: Iran,
Parts I and II," by Ryszard Kapuscinski.

9. Consultant, Life Magazine, September 1985 article on the city of Qumm in Iran. Cited by name.
VIII. Post-Doctoral Awards and Honors

1. Junior Fellow, Research Institute on Communist Affairs (Now Research Institute on International
Change), Columbia University. Period of award, 1969-1970. Project title: "Egyptian
Socialism."

2. Post-Doctoral Fellow, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Chicago/Ford Foundation.
Project title: "Islam and Social Change in Iran." Period of award, January 1975-June 1976.
Field Research in Iran.

3. Senior Scholar, National Endowment of the Humanities/American Research Center in Egypt. Project
title, "The Political Culture of Egyptian Industrial Workers and Managers." Period of award,
September 1980-June 1981. Field research in Egypt.

4. Recipient of the Russell Research Prize in the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of South
Carolina, 1984.

5. Senior Research Scholar, Fulbright Research Grant. Project title: "The Articulation of Traditional
and Modernist Discourse in Egyptian Social Thought." Period of award, September-December
1991. Field research in Egypt

6. Advanced Research Fellowship in the Social Sciences and Humanities, Social Science Research
Council. Project title: "Historicizing Explanations of Social Change: Perspectives by
Contemporary Egyptian Modernists." Period of award, August-December 1998. Field research
in Egypt

IX. Foreign Language Competence

1. Arabic: Written and spoken (Egyptian colloquial)

2. Persian: Written and spoken

3. French: Written and spoken

4. Russian: Written

X. Select Administrative Activities

1. Director of the Graduate Program in International Studies, Department of Government and
International Studies, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 1978-1980; 1985-1986.

2. Member, Advisory Committee (elected), Department of Government and International Studies,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, 1992-1994.

3. Member, Advisory Committee (elected), Department of Government and International Studies,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, 1995-1997.

4. Member, Advisory Committee (elected), Department of Government and International Studies,
University of South Carolina, Columbia (2000-2002)

5. Member, University Committee on Tenure and Promotion, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
1986-1989.

6. Chairperson, University Committee on Tenure and Promotion, University of South Carolina,|\
Columbia, 1988-1989.

7. Chairperson, Future Committee, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of South
Carolina, Columbia. 1992-1993.

8. Member, Faculty Senate, University of South Carolina, 2001-2004

XI. Participation in Professional Conferences, Symposia and Workshops

1. Presented paper, "Political Participation in a Military Society: Egypt," at the Fifth Conference of the
Middle East Studies Association, Denver, Colorado, 11-13 November 1971. (Contributed)

2. Presented paper, "The Egyptian Elite," at the Sixth Conference of the Middle East Studies
Association, Binghamton, New York, 7-9 November 1972 (Invited).

3. Presented paper, "The Conceptualization of Knowledge," at the Eighth Conference of the Middle
East Studies Association, Boston, Massachusetts, 2-4 November 1974 (Contributed)

4. Presented paper, "The Impact of Social Change on Religious Higher Education in Iran." (with
Michael M. J. Fischer), American Institute of Iranian Studies, Tehran, Iran. 22 November 1975
(Invited)

5. Delivered lecture, "The Politics of Religious Action," Near Eastern Studies Program, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, 28 April 1976. (Invited)

6. Delivered lecture, "Oil and the Transformation of Middle East Societies," Midwest Faculty Seminar
for Humanities and Social Science Faculties of Midwest Colleges, University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois, 21-23 May 1976. (Invited)

7. Presented paper, "The Politics of Religious Education in Iran," (with Michael M. J. Fischer), Tenth
Conference of the Middle East Studies Association, Los Angeles, California, 10-13 November
1976. (Contributed)

8. Seminar participant, Scholar-Diplomat Seminar, US Department of State, Washington, DC 3-7 April
1977. (Invited)

9. Delivered workshop presentation, "The Dimensions of Middle East Culture," Ambassador's
Conference on Saudi Arabia, Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, SC 27 April 1977. (Invited)

10. Discussant for paper, "Land Tenure Relations in Mandate Palestine," at the Southeast Regional
Middle East and Islamic Studies Seminar (SERMEISS) semi-annual conference, Old Dominion
University, Norfolk, Virginia, 14-16 October 1977. (Invited)

11. Chaired panel, United States Foreign Policy and the Middle East and South Asia, International
Studies Association (South) Conference, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South
Carolina, 28-29 October 1977. (Invited)

12. Presented paper, "The Egyptian Military as a Radical Elite?" at the Conversations in the Discipline
Symposium, State University of New York College at Fredonia, New York, 20-22 April 1978.
(Invited)

13. Presented paper, "The Political Economy of Middle East Peace," at the SERMEISS semi-annual
conference, Southmont, North Carolina, 14-15 October 1978 (Invited)
14. Presented paper, "The Egyptian Political Elite," at the Workshop on North African Elites, Hagop
Kevorkian Center for Middle East Studies, New York University, New York, New York, 18-19
May 1979. (Invited)

15. Delivered workshop presentation, "The Structure of the Religious Institution in Iran," at the
SERMEISS semi-annual conference, Columbia South Carolina, 14 October 1979. (Invited)

16. Delivered public lecture, "Iran's Revolution and its Implications for United States Foreign Policy,"
Probe Symposium, Converse College, Spartanburg, South Carolina, 26 October 1979. (Invited)

17. Delivered public lecture, "The Clergy and State in the Iranian Revolution," at the Symposium on
Current Trends in the World of Islam, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 6
December 1979. (Invited)

18. Delivered public lecture, "The Islamic Revolution in Iran: Causes, Structure, and Ideology," at the
Symposium on Understanding the World of Islam, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee, 15 January 1980. (Invited)

19. Delivered public lecture, "The Conflict Between Rural and Urban Values in Iran," Abraham
Baldwin Agricultural College, Tifton, Georgia, 22 February 1980. (Invited)

21. Discussant for paper, "The Similarities Between Ayatollah Khomeini and `Ali Shari`ati," at the
International Conference on the Islamic Revival, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 28-
31 May 1980. (Invited)

22. Presented paper, "Shari`ati's Political Ideas," at the Seminar on the History and Politics of Modern
Iran, Institute for Comparative Social Research, Free University of Berlin, West Berlin, Federal
Republic of Germany, 5-7 September 1980. (Invited)

23. Delivered workshop presentation, "The Political Culture of Egyptian Workers," at the weekly
seminar of the American Research Center in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt, 5 November 1980. (Invited)

24. Invited to present paper, "Socialism in Egypt Under Sadat," Social Science Research Council,
International Conference on Socialism in the Middle East, Seven Springs Center, Mt. Kisco,
New York, 25-27 May 1981. (Had to decline due to presence in Cairo)

25. Presented paper, "The Ideology and Praxis of Shi`ism in the Iranian Revolution," Annual Meeting
of the American Political Science Association, New York, New York, 3-6 September 1981.
(Invited)

26. Presented workshop presentation, "The World of the Egyptian Industrial Worker," at the
SERMEISS semi-annual conference, Boone, North Carolina, 2-4 October 1981. (Invited)

27. Participated in Faculty Development Seminar, Graduate School of Education and Department of
Political Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 12-15 November 1981.
(Invited)

28. Delivered public lectures, "United States Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Decade of the
1970s," and "Politics and Revolution in Iran," Georgia Southern University, Statesboro,
Georgia, 12 January 1982. (Invited)

29. Presented paper, "The Foundations and Structure of Clergy Social Action in the Iranian
Revolution," at the Persian Gulf Study Seminar, Center for Strategic and International Studies,
Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., 10 February 1982. (Invited)

30. Presented paper, "Clerical Politics Since 1979," at the Conference on the Iranian Revolution and
the Islamic Republic: New Assessments. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 21-22 May 1982. (Invited)

31. Delivered public lecture, "Doctrinal Elements of Shi`ite Islam," at the University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, Tennessee, 28 May 1982. (Invited)

32. Delivered public lecture, "Ruling Party Factionalism in the Islamic Republic of Iran," at the
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 28 May 1982. (Invited)

33. Delivered paper, "State Formation and State Consolidation in Twentieth Century Iran," at the
International Conference on Islam, Ethnicity, and the State in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan,
Social Science Research Council, Sterling Forest Conference Center, Tuxedo, N. Y., 10-13
November 1982. (Invited)

34. Discussant, final panel, "Summing Up," at the International Conference on Islam, Ethnicity and the
State in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan," Social Science Research Council, Sterling Forest
Conference Center, Tuxedo, N. Y., 10-13 November 1982. (Invited)

35. Presented paper, "Clericalism in Iran in 1982," Conference on Iran, United States Department of
State, Washington, D. C., 29 November 1982. (Invited)

36. Delivered public lecture, "Politics in Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary Iran," at the Middle
East Workshop, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 4 December 1982. (Invited)

37. Delivered public lecture, "Dynamics of Lebanese Politics: Internal Cleavages and Foreign
Intervention," at the Middle East Workshop, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 4 December
1982. (Invited)

38. Delivered public lecture, "The Crisis of Control and Participation in Egypt and Iran: Corporate
States and Opposition Movements," at the Hagop Kevorkian Center for Middle Eastern Studies,
New York University, New York, N. Y., 7 February 1983. (Invited)

39. Delivered workshop presentation, "Revolution and Political Violence," to newly tenured Foreign
Service Administrative Officers, United States Department of State, Foreign Service Institute,
Rosslyn, Virginia, 27 June 1983. (Invited)

40. Presented paper, "Islam, Politics, and Society: A Comparative Analysis of the Social Thought of
Ayatullah Khomeini, Ayatullah Taliqani, and `Ali Shari`ati," at the 31st International Congress
of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa (formerly the International Congress of
Orientalists), Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan, 31 August-7 September 1983. (Invited)

41. Discussant for papers at the panel, "Social and Economic Obstacles Facing the Iranian Revolution,"
at the 17th Annual Conference of the Middle East Studies Association, Chicago, Illinois, 3-6
November 1983. (Invited)

42. Presented paper, "Clerical Politics in 1983," to the Iran Working Group, Woodrow Wilson
International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 21 November
1983. (Invited)

43. Delivered public lecture, "Shi`ism as a Revolutionary Paradigm," to the Gustave von Grunebaum
Center for Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 8 December
1983. (Invited)

44. Delivered public lecture, "Shi`ism as a Revolutionary Paradigm," to the Center for Middle Eastern
Studies, University of California, Berkeley, California, 9 December 1983. (Invited)

45. Delivered workshop presentation, "Revolution and Political Violence," to Mid-Career Foreign
Service Political Officers, United States Department of State, Foreign Service Institute,
Rosslyn, Virginia, 30 January 1984. (Invited)

46. Participated in workshop, "Iran's Regional Relations," Iran Working Group, Woodrow Wilson
International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 27 February
1984.

47. Presented paper, "Islam and Public Life in Iran," at the International Conference on Islam and
Public Life in Asia, Airlie House, Airlie, Virginia, 25-27 March 1984. (Invited)

48. Delivered public lecture, "Religion and Communal Power in Twentieth Century Iran," at the
Institute for Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 29 March 1984. (Invited)

49. Presented paper, "The Succession Problem in the Islamic Republic of Iran," at the Conference on
Iran, United States Department of State, Washington, D. C., 21 September 1984. (Invited)

50. Presented paper, "Factionalism in the Iranian Power Structure Since Mid-1981," at the Conference
on Internal Developments in Iran: Implications for the West, Center for Strategic and
International Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., 28 September 1984.
(Invited)

51. Delivered public lecture, "Islam in Revolutionary Iran," at the 38th Annual Conference, Middle
East Institute, Washington, D. C., 18-20 October 1984. (Invited)

52. Presented paper, "The Soviet Perception of the Iranian Revolution," at the 18th Annual Conference
of the Middle East Studies Association, San Francisco, California, 28 November-1 December
1984. (Contributed)

53. Presented paper, "Iran's Role and Interests in Afghanistan Since the Soviet Invasion," at the
International Conference on Afghanistan Since the Soviet Invasion of 1979, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, S. C., 8-9 February 1985. (Invited)

54. Delivered public lecture, "Iran's Relationships with the Soviet Union," at the Conference on the
Soviet Union and its Muslim Neighbors, Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 15-16 November 1985. (Invited)

55. Testified on "Islamic Fundamentalism" and submitted paper on "Islamic Radicalism and Iranian
Politics in the Middle East" to the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, United States Congress, 2200
Rayburn Office Building, Washington, D. C., 15 July 1985. (Invited)

56. Delivered paper, "The Role of the Clergy in Iranian Politics, 1949-1954," at the International
Conference on Iranian Nationalism and the International Oil Crisis, Center for Middle Eastern
Studies, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 26-27 September 1985. (Invited)

57. Delivered public lecture, "Islamic Resurgence as a Source of Conflict in the Middle East," Program
in International Security Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 21
October 1985. (Invited)

58. Delivered paper, "Internal Politics in Iran," Seminar on Iran, United States Department of State,
Washington, D. C., 8 November 1985. (Invited)

59. Chaired panel and served as discussant, "Contemporary Iran: Revolution and Society," 19th Annual
Conference of the Middle East Studies Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, 22-26 November
1985. (Invited)

60. Delivered public lecture, "Muslim Neighbors Look at the USSR," at the Conference on Issues in
Russian Relations with its Islamic Populations and Islamic Neighbors, Middle East Center,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1 March 1986. (Invited)

61. Delivered two public lectures, "Ritual and Doctrine in Contemporary Shi`ism," and "The Politics
of Shi`ism in the Middle East Today," at the Symposium on Shi`ite Islam and the Politics of
the Middle East, Muhlenberg College, Allentown Pennsylvania, 23 September 1986. (Invited)

62. Presented paper, "Internal Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran," at the Council on Foreign
Relations, Harold Pratt House, 58 East 68th Street, New York, N. Y., 28 October 1986.
(Invited)

63. Delivered public lecture, "Factionalism and Conflict in the Islamic Republic of Iran," Asia Society,
Washington, D. C., 15 January 1987. (Invited)

64. Presented paper, "Patterns of Leadership in Iran," at the Seminar on Iran, United States Department
of State, Washington, D. C., 7 February 1987. (Invited)

65. Presented paper, "Power and Ideology in Iran," for the Middle East Seminar Group, Brookings
Institution, Washington, D. C. 4 March 1987. (Invited)

66. Presented paper, "Emigrants and Immigrants and the Islamic Republic of Iran: Exiles and Refugees
Under the Khomeini Regime," at the International Conference on Refugees Among Islamic
Peoples, Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Study and Conference Center, Lake Como, Italy, 11-
16 October 1987. (Invited)

67. Discussant at the Seminar on the Role of the Clergy in Modern Iran: Reassessments, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 7 December 1987. (Invited)

68. Delivered public lecture, "Clergy Rule and Public Policy: The Politics of Shi`ite Islam in Iran," The
Houston Seminars, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 15 February 1988. (Invited)

69. Delivered public lecture, "Shi`ism and Communal Power in Post-Revolutionary Iran," at the
Seminar on Iran, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 19-20 February 1988. (Invited)

70. Delivered public lecture, "Modernization Theory and the Sociology of Islam: The Search for a New
Model," sponsored by the Department of Political Science and the Program in Near Eastern
Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1 March 1988. (Invited)

71. Delivered public lecture, "Iranian History and the War," at the All-Day Conference on the Iran-Iraq
War, Fourth Annual Gettysburg College Area Studies Symposium, Gettysburg College,
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 26 March 1988. (Invited)

72. Delivered paper, "The USSR, Musaddiq, and Khomeini: Soviet Orientations Toward Two
Revisionist Iranian Regimes," at the International Conference on Iran, The USA and the USSR,
University of California, Los Angeles, 22-24 April 1988. (Invited)

73. Delivered public lecture, "Arab Politics," to the Middle East Study Group, the Southern Center for
International Studies, Atlanta, Georgia, 18 May 1988. (Invited)

74. Delivered public lecture, "Iranian Politics in the Khomeini Period," Symposium on Iran, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 7-8 October 1988. (Invited)

75. Delivered paper, "The Impact of the Iranian Revolution on Religious Movements in Egypt," at the
International Conference on the Tenth Anniversary of the Iranian Revolution, sponsored by the
School of Advanced International Studies of the Johns Hopkins University and by Chatham
House, 2-4 February 1989. (Invited)

76. Delivered public lecture, "Israel, the PLO and the United States: The New Triangular Relationship,"
at the Symposium on World Affairs, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, 28
February 1989. (Invited)

77. Presented faculty seminar, "Aspects of Shi`ite Political Culture," Georgia Southern University,
Statesboro, Georgia, 28 February 1989. (Invited)

78. `Delivered public lecture, "The Islamic Republic of Iran: Unity and Dissent in Institutionalizing
Clerical Power," Symposium in Honor of Herbert L. Bodman, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, N. C., 1 April 1989. (Invited)

79. Delivered public lecture, "The Politics of the Salman Rushdie Affair: Khomeini and Elite
Factionalism in Iran," at the Southeastern College Faculty Seminar on Blasphemy and Religion
in Comparative Perspective, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C., 28 April 1989.
(Invited)

80. Presented paper, "The Ideology and Praxis of Shi`ism in the Iranian Revolution: Further
Considerations," at the Symposium on Comparative Studies in Society and History, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 13-14 October 1989. (Invited)

81. Discussant for panel on the Intellectual and Modernization at the Symposium on Comparative
Studies in Society and History, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 13-14 October
1989. (Invited)

82. Delivered public lecture, "Post-Khomeini Iranian Politics," University Seminar on Middle East
Politics, Columbia University, New York, N. Y., 8 November 1989. (Invited)

83. Presented paper, "Sayyid Qutb: The `Poverty of Philosophy' and the Vindication of Islamic
Tradition," at the International Conference on Traditionalist and Modernist Discourse in the
Middle East, The American University, Washington, D. C., 8-9 December 1989. (Invited)

84. Delivered public lecture, "The Gulf Conflict, American Policy, and the Crisis in Arab Politics," at
the President's Distinguished Lecture Series, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, 4 October 1990. (Invited)

85. Delivered workshop presentation, "The Islamic Republican Party and the No-Party State," 30th
Annual Conference of the Middle East Studies Association, San Antonio, Texas, 10-13
November 1990. (Invited)

86. Delivered public lecture, "The Politics of the Middle East," at the Adventures in Ideas Weekend
Seminar on Arabs and Americans: The Persian Gulf Crisis and Beyond, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C., 16 February 1991. (Invited)

87. Presented paper, "Continuities and Discontinuities in Middle East International Politics in the Post-
Cold War Era," at the National Conference on the Third World in the Context of the Changing
International Order, The Citadel, Charleston, S. C., 13-14 March 1991. (Invited)

88. Delivered public lecture, "Religion and Communal Politics," at the Seminar on Islam in History and
Culture, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C., 12 July 1991. (Invited)

89. Delivered public lecture, "Islam and Collective Protest in Arab Politics," at the Seminar on Islam
in History and Culture, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C., 12 July 1991.
(Invited)

90. Delivered public lecture, "Political Dynamics in the Islamic Republic of Iran," Center for Political
Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, 11 November 1991. (Invited)

91. Delivered workshop presentation, "Islamists in Power: Iran and Sudan," United States Department
of State, Conference on Political Islam, Washington, D. C., 22 April 1992. (Invited)

92. Delivered public lecture, "Theoretical Explanations of the Iranian Revolution: An Inventory and
Assessment," Middle East Institute Seminar, Columbia University, New York, N. Y., 13 April
1993. (Invited)

93. Presented paper, "Authority, Stratification, and Interest in Contemporary Islamist Discourse in
Egypt: Scripturalist, Liberal, and Radical Variants," 28th Annual Conference of the Middle East
Studies Association, Phoenix, Arizona, 19-22 November 1994. (Contributed)

94. Delivered Public Lecture, "Ideology and Power in the Contemporary Islamic Movements in
Egypt," Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New
York, 13 April 1995. (Invited)

95. Delivered Public Lecture, "Religion and Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Desecularization
or Resecularization?" Seminar on Islamic Fundamentalism in Comparative Perspective,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 25 February 1997. (Invited)

96. Delivered Plenary Session Presentation, "Iranian Studies and the Social Sciences on the Eve of the
Millenium," at the Second Biennial Conference on Iranian Studies, Hyatt Regency Hotel,
Bethesda, Maryland, 22-24 May 1998. (Invited)

97. Presented paper, "The Historicization of Social Change in Contemporary Egyptian Muslim
Modernist Social Theory," Research Scholars Seminar, the American University in Cairo, 2
December 1998. (Contributed)

98. Presented Master Class, "Contemporary Middle East Social Movements: Discourses of Tradition
or Modernity?" Center for Contemporary Middle Eastern Studies, The University of Leiden,
Leiden, The Netherlands, 22-26 February, 1999. (Invited)

99. Presented paper, "Changing Perspectives of Social Contracts," Conference on Citizenship and the
State in the Near East and South Asia, McLean, Virginia, 24-25 May 2000. (Invited)

102. Presented public lecture, "Islamic Movements in the Middle East Since the Iranian Revolution,"
World Affairs Council, Savannah, Georgia, 29 January 2002. (Invited)

XII. References

1. Ervand Abrahamian, Department of History, Baruch College, City University of New York, 17
Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y., 10010. Tel. 212 387 1384 (work); 718 398 9514 (home).
E-mail address <ervand_abrahamian@baruch.cuny.edu>

2. James A. Bill, Director of the International Studies Program, College of William and Mary,
Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185. Tel. 804 221 3591 (work); 804 220 2627 (home); 804 221 0994(fax).
E-mail address <jabill@facstaff.wm.edu>

3. Leonard Binder, Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California
90024. Tel. 310 835 1056 (work); 310 825 0175 (fax).
E-mail address <binder@polisci.sscnet.ucla.edu>

4. John L. Esposito, Director, Center for Christian Muslim Understanding, School of Foreign Service,
Intercultural Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. 20057. Tel. 202 687 8375
(work); 508 655 7464 (home); 202 687 8376 (fax).
E-mail address <jle2@gusun.georgetown.edu>

5. Farhad Kazemi, Department of Politics, New York University, New York, N. Y. 10003. Tel. 212 998
8506 (work); 212 995 4184 (fax). E-mail address <farhad.kazemi@nyu.edu>

6. Nikki R. Keddie, Department of History, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024.
Tel. 213 825 4601 (work). E-mail address <keddie@histr.sscnet.ucla.edu>

7. Serif Mardin, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, History and Political Science, Sabanci University,
Orhanli, Tuzla, 81474 Istanbul, Turkey. Tel. 001 90 216 483 9231.
E-mail address: <smardin@sabanciuniv.edu>

8. James Piscatori, University Lecturer in Islamic Politics, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, Oriental
Institute, Pusey Lane, Oxford OX1 2 LE, UK. Tel. 011 44 01865 278749.
E-mail address <james.piscatori@wadh.ox.ac.uk>

9. I. William Zartman, Director, Program on African Studies, School of Advanced International
Studies, 1740 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036. Tel. 202 663 5676(work);
301 622 5151 (home); 202 663 5683 (fax).
E-mail address <tsimmons@jhu-sais.edu>

10. Marvin Zonis, Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
Tel. 312 962 8753 (work).