Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute | SHELDUS 4.1

Status of SHELDUS
Selected Major Events in SHELDUS
Download of FIPS code/county name information
Identification Information
Data Quality Information
Entity and Attribute Information
Metadata Reference Information
Download of Metadata

SHELDUS is constantly updated and improved. Below are files in .pdf format that document running changes to a version.

About SHELDUS v5.1 (launched 2/2007):

New data were added ranging from June 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005. Additionally, the entire year of 1990 was revised due to data errors. Version 5.1is the first version to include information on presidential disaster declarations, GLIDE numbers and event-specific loss information on selected major events.

Running changes are documented here.

About SHELDUS v4.1 (launched 02/2006):

New data were added ranging from August 1, 2004 through May 31, 2005.

Running changes are documented here.

About SHELDUS v3.1 (launched 03/2005):

New data were added ranging from January 1, 2001 through July 31, 2004.

Running changes are documented here.

About SHELDUS v2.1 (launched 10/2004):

The tornado dataset from 1960 through 1993 and 1995 was revised. Version 2.0 contained incorrect damage figures for those years meaning property damages were overestimated tenfold whereas crop damages were underestimated. This new and updated version matches tornado information put forth by NCDC.

About SHELDUS (general):

For events that occurred between 1960 and 1995, a loss threshold of $50,000 or higher in either property or crop losses was applied. This threshold equals NCDC's logarithmic category 5 = $50,000 to $500,000). From 1995 onwards, SHELDUS includes all property or crop damage-causing events reported in NCDC's Storm Data publications.

This change in methodology was necessary, since the main source of raw data - the National Climate Date Center (NCDC) - changed its reporting procedures in 1995. During this year both categorical as well as exact dollar losses were reported by NCDC. Thus, the majority of records from 1995 onwards are exact damage figures that have been reported as such by NCDC and that have not undergone any post-processing by SHELDUS (exemption loss distribution of events affecting multiple counties).

Additionally, NCDC also improved its spatial reporting system. Instead of reporting affected regions and distributing losses across the affected counties, NCDC moved to reporting losses on a county basis. Thus from 1995-2000, SHELDUS includes EVERY event that caused property or crop damages as reported by NCDC. Consequently, the database contains many small damage figures like $500, $1000, etc. since 1995.

Running changes are documented here.

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2. Selected Major Events in SHELDUS

For selected hazard events accumulated losses are available (since SHELDUS v5.1). It is important to note that loss totals are based on SHELDUS records. As a result, loss totals are often under-reported (e.g. Hurricane Katrina) due to lack of information in the data sources from which SHELDUS data are compiled.

Detailed information on event and SHELDUS record selection are documented here.

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3. Download of FIPS code/county name information

The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) provides the names and codes that represent the counties and equivalent areas (census areas, boroughs, etc.) as statistical subdivisions of the 50 States and the District of Columbia. The last three digits of the FIPS code refer to the county whereas the preceding one or two digits identify the state.

Changes of FIPS codes are published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) after approval by the Secretary of Commerce. Questions concerning the list of entities and their assigned codes are to be addressed to the Maintenance Agency: Office of the Chief, Geography Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

Please note that for ease of use, FIPS code changes are updated decadal, i.e. county changes are only represented in the following decade. For instance, the creation of Bloomfield County, CO in 2002 is not yet reflected in SHELDUS and will only become available in 2010. Thus, to query for Bloomfield County, the user is asked to query the database for Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld counties.

Overview of FIPS code changes from 1960-2000 (.xls)

Quick access to FIPS codes and corresponding county names can be downloaded as shapefiles from the MAPS website.

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4. Identification Information

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:: Hazard Vulnerability & Research Institute, University of South Carolina
Publication_Date: December 2006
Title: SHELDUS_v5-1
Edition: Version 5.1
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Online_Linkage: www.sheldus.org

Description:

Abstract:: SHELDUS is a county-level data set for the U.S. on 18 different natural hazard event types along with property and crop losses, injuries, and fatalities for the period January 1960 through December 2005.
Purpose:: The database was compiled to examine spatial and temporal variability in historical hazard events and associated losses.
Supplemental_Information:: U.S. county boundaries are adjusted to 2000 designations. The data set does not include Puerto Rico, Guam, or other U.S. territories. About SHELDUS Version 5.1: New data were added ranging from June 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005. Additionally, the entire year of 1990 was revised due to data errors. Version 5.1is the first version to include information on presidential dissater declarations, GLIDE numbers and event-specific loss information of selected major events. About SHELDUS Version 4.1: New data were added ranging from August 1, 2004 through May 31, 2005. New data were data ranging from About SHELDUS Version 3.1: New data were added raning from January 1, 2001 through July 31, 2004. About SHELDUS Version 2.1 (launched 10/2004): The tornado dataset from 1960 through 1993 and 1995 was revised. Version 2.0 contained incorrect damage figures for those years meaning property damages were overestimated tenfold whereas crop damages were underestimated. This new and updated version matches tornado information put forth by NCDC. About SHELDUS (general): For events that occurred between 1960 and 1995, a loss threshold of $50,000 or higher in either property or crop losses was applied. This threshold equals NCDC's logarithmic category 5 = $50,000 to $500,000). From 1995 onwards, SHELDUS includes all property or crop damage-causing events reported in NCDC's Storm Data publications. This change in methodology was necessary, since the main source of raw data - the National Climate Date Center (NCDC) - changed its reporting procedures in 1995. During this year both categorical as well as exact dollar losses were reported by NCDC. Thus, the majority of records from 1995 onwards are exact damage figures that have been reported as such by NCDC and that have not undergone any post-processing by SHELDUS (exemption loss distribution of events affecting multiple counties). Additionally, NCDC also improved its spatial reporting system. Instead of reporting affected regions and distributing losses across the affected counties, NCDC moved to reporting losses on a county basis. Thus from 1995-2000, SHELDUS includes EVERY event that caused property or crop damages as reported by NCDC. Consequently, the database contains many small damage figures like $500, $1000, etc. since 1995.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: January 1, 1960
Ending_Date: December 31, 2005

Currentness_Reference: January 1960 - December 2005

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Annually

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -178.217598
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.969271
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 71.406235
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.924782

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:: REQUIRED: Reference to a formally registered thesaurus or a similar authoritative source of theme keywords.
Theme_Keyword: Natural Hazards
Theme_Keyword: Property Losses
Theme_Keyword: Crop Losses
Theme_Keyword: Fatalities
Theme_Keyword: Injuries
Theme_Keyword: Damages
Theme_Keyword: Presidential Disaster Declaration
Theme_Keyword: GLIDE

Place:

Place_Keyword: USA
Place_Keyword: County

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword: January 1960 - December 2005

Access_Constraints: Size of download is limited.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:: Hazard Vulnerability & Research Institute, University of South Carolina

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Department of Geography
Address: 303 Callcott Social Sciences Building
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29208
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1-(803)-777-1699

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1-(803)-777-4972

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scutter@sc.edu

Hours_of_Service: M-F, 9am - 4pm (ET)

Data_Set_Credit:

Hazard Vulnerability & Research Institute, University of South Carolina

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC
Publication_Date: 1. January 1960 - 31. December 2005
Title: Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Online_Linkage: <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Council of National Seismic Systems
Publication_Date: 1970-present
Title: Earthquakes (Epicenters)
Online_Linkage: <http://quake.geo.berkeley.edu/cnss>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Geophysical Data Center
Originator: Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan
Originator: Stover, C. W. and J. L. Coffman (1993)
Title: Earthquakes (Magnitude, Intensity, Damages, Deaths, Injuries)
Other_Citation_Details:: Stover, Carl W. and Jerry L. Coffman, 1993. Seismicity of the United States, 1568-1989 (revised). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 418 p.
Online_Linkage: <http://ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/eqint.htm>
Online_Linkage: www.eic.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/catalog
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1527>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Storm Prediction Center, Norman, OK
Publication_Time: 1960-1995
Title: Hail, Tornado, Wind (supplementary)
Online_Linkage: www.spc.noaa.gov/archive/index.html

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Hurricane Center
Title: Hurricane (supplementary)
Online_Linkage: www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastall.html

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO
Title: Tusnami/Seiche
Online_Linkage: <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ngdc.html>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institute
Originator: Alaskan Volcano Observatory
Originator:: Volcanic Hazards: A Source Book on the Effects of Eruptions by R.J. Blong
Title: Volcano (Event)
Online_Linkage: <http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/gup/index.htm>
Online_Linkage: www.avo.alaska.edu/avo4/products/products.htm

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Technical Reports
Title: Volcano (Damages)

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Fire Administration
Title: Wildfire (supplementary)
Online_Linkage: www.usfa.fema.gov/inside-sfa/nfdc-data.cfm

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: FEMA
Title: Presidential Disaster Declarations
Online_Linkage: <http://www.fema.gov/news/disasters.fema>

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: www.GLIDEnumber.net
Title: GLIDE

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5. Data Quality Information

Logical_Consistency_Report:

Changes in County Boundaries: Alaska has census areas and boroughs instead of counties. The names, boundaries, and FIPS code designations have changed considerably over the decades, especially from 1960-1969 when the assigned FIPS codes follow election districts instead of census areas. For more detailed information on the changes in Alaska consult our metadata website at <http://www.cla.sc.edu/geog/hrl/sheldus_metadata.htm> As of 1960: There were 3,125 counties and equivalent areas (incl. 30 independent cities in Virginia and the independent cities of Baltimore and St. Louis). As of 1970: There were 3,139 counties and equivalent areas (incl.37 independent cities in Virginia and the independent cities of Baltimore, St. Louis, and Carson City). Changes from 1960-1969: Princess Ann County, VA was absorbed by Virginia Beach city in 1963; Menominee County, WI was carved out of Shawano County, WI in 1961; Salem, VA/51775 became independent of Roanoke, VA/51161 in 1968; Bedford City, VA/51515 became independent of Bedford County, VA/51019 in 1968; Emporia,VA/51595 became independent of Greensville County, VA/51081 in 1967; Lexington, VA/51678 became independent of Rockbridge County, VA/51153 in 1965; Fairfax, VA/51600 became independent of Fairfax County/51059 in 1961; Franklin City, VA/51620 became indedependent of Southampton County/51175 in 1961; Arlington, VA was a county in 1960 but changed status to an independent city in 1970; Ormsby, NV was consolidated with Carson City/32510 in 1969). As of 1980: There were 3,136 counties and equivalent areas (incl. 41 independent cities in Virginia and the independent cities of Baltimore, St. Louis, and Carson City). Changes from 1970-1979: Washabaugh, SD/46131 merged with Jackson, SD/46071 in 1979; City of Nansemond, VA became Nansemond County in 1972, then merged with the City of Suffolk, VA in 1974; Manassas City, VA/51683 became independent of Prince William County/51153 in 1975; Manassas Park City, VA/51685 became independent of Prince William County/51153 in 1975; Poquoson, VA/51735 became in dependent of York County, VA/51199 in 1976. As of 1990: There were 3,140 counties and equivalent areas (incl. 41 independent cities in Virginia and the independent cities of Baltimore, St. Louis, and Carson City). Changes from 1980-1989: La Paz, AZ/04012 was formed from part of Yuma County, AZ in 1982; Cibola, NM/35006 was formed from part of the western portion of Valencia County, NM in 1981. As of 2000: There were 3,141 counties and equivalent areas (incl.40 independent cities in Viriginia and the independent cities of Baltimore, St. Louis, and Carson City). Changes from 1990-1999: Yakutat Borough, AK/2282 was formed from part of Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon/2231 in 1992; Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon, AK/2231 was renamed into Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon/2232 in 1992; South Boston, VA/51780 merged with Halifax County/51083 in 1995; Yellowstone National Park, MT/30113 was removed in 1999; Dade, FL/12025 was renamed to Miami-Dade County/12086 in 1999.

Completeness_Report:

Event and Loss Data Sources:
The data were derived from several existing national data sources, of which National Climatic Data Center's monthly Storm Data publications are the major data source. From 1960 to 1995, only those events that generated more than $50,000 in damages were included in SHELDUS. Since 1995, SHELDUS additionally includes all events that are reported in NCDC's Storm Data with a specific dollar amount. Prior to 2001, property and crop losses occuring on the same day within the same geography (i.e. county) are aggregated by hazard type. For events that covered multiple counties, the dollar losses, deaths, and injuries were equally divided among the counties (e.g. if 4 counties were affected, then each was given 1/4 of the dollar loss, injuries and deaths). Where dollar loss estimates were provided in ranges (e.g. $50,000 - 100,000) - such as in NCDC Storm data until 1995 - the lowest value in the range of the category was used. This results in the most conservative estimate of losses during the time period of 1960-1995. Since 1995 all events that were reported by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) with a specific dollar amount were included in the database.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description: Metadata imported.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:: H:\RawData\Hazard_Archive\Oracle_Database\SHELDUS_v4-1\sheldus_v4-1_metadata.xml

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6. Entity and Attribute Information

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: SHELDUS Version 5.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: OID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: HAZARD_ID
Attribute_Definition: Hazard Record ID
Attribute_Definition_Source: ORACLE/HVRI

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: HAZARD_BEG
Attribute_Definition: Beginning date of event occurrence (in county)
Attribute_Definition_Source: As of original data source

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: HAZARD_END
Attribute_Definition: End date of event occurrence (in county)
Attribute_Definition_Source: As of original data source

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: COUNTY_ID
Attribute_Definition: County identifier
Attribute_Definition_Source: ORACLE

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: COUNTY_FIP
Attribute_Definition: 3-digit county FIPS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: COUNTY_NAM
Attribute_Definition: Name of county

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STATE_ID
Attribute_Definition: State identifier
Attribute_Definition_Source: ORACLE

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STATE_NAME
Attribute_Definition: Name of state

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: POSTAL_COD
Attribute_Definition: 2-digit postal code

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STATE_FIPS
Attribute_Definition: 1-/2-digit state FIPS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STATE_COUN
Attribute_Definition: 4-/5-digit county FIPS code

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FATALITIES
Attribute_Definition:: Number of fatalities in county. Fatalities are distributed evenly across affected counties if there is no indication of where fatality occurred in a multi-county event.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: INJURIES
Attribute_Definition:: Number of injuries in county. Injuries are distributed evenly across affected counties if there is no indication of where injuries occurred in a multi-county event.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PROPERTY_D
Attribute_Definition:: Property damage (in current U.S. dollars) in county. Dollar amounts are distributed evenly across affected counties if there is no indication of where losses occurred in a multi-county event.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CROP_DAMAG
Attribute_Definition:: Crop damage (in current U.S. dollars) in county. Dollar amounts are distributed evenly across affected counties if there is no indication of where losses occurred in a multi-county event.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LOCATION
Attribute_Definition:: Additional locational information. This information can be at the sub-county level (e.g. city), regional level (e.g. Southern Iowa), or a climate zone identifier (e.g. COZ003)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: REMARKS
Attribute_Definition:: Additional hazard type information. This tends to be descriptive hazard type informtion as of the original data source (verbatim).

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: HAZARD_TYP
Attribute_Definition:: Automated (textual) hazard type description based on the numerical Hazard Event Numbers (1-18)
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: HAZARD_SOU
Attribute_Definition: Source of original data

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EVENTTYPE1
Attribute_Definition: Numerical hazard type ID (1-18)
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EVENTTYPE2
Attribute_Definition: Numerical hazard type ID (1-18)
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EVENTTYPE3
Attribute_Definition: Numerical hazard type ID (1-18)
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EVENTTYPE4
Attribute_Definition: Numerical hazard type ID (1-18)
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EVENTTYPE5
Attribute_Definition: Numerical hazard type ID (1-18)
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: EVENTTYPE6
Attribute_Definition: Numerical hazard type ID (1-18)
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Year
Attribute_Definition: Year as extracted from Hazard_Beg field

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: GLIDE
Attribute_Definition: Global Disaster Event ID
Attribute_Definition_Source: www.glidenumber.net

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PDD
Attribute_Definition: Presidential disaster declaration identifier
Attribute_Definition_Source: FEMA

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MEventNo_1
Attribute_Definition: Major Hazard Event ID
Attribute_Definition_Source: SHELDUS

Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Eventtypes: 1 - Avalanche 2 - Coastal 3 - Drought 4 - Earthquake 5 - Flooding 6 - Fog 7 - Hail 8 - Heat 9 - Hurricane/Tropical Storm 10 - Landslide 11 - Lightning 12 - Severe Storm/Thunder Storm 13 - Tornado 14 - Tsunami/Seiche 15 - Volcano 16 - Wildfire 17 - Wind 18 - Winter Weather Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Avalanches: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Coastal: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Drought: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Earthquake: Source: a) Epicenter data were obtained from the Council of National Seismic Systems (1970-present) at <http://quake.geo.berkeley.edu/cnss>, b) Magnitude, intensity, damages, deaths, and injury data were obtained from the National Geophysical Data Center at <http://ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/sig_srch_idb.shtml> and the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan at <http://www.eic.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/catalog>, c) Information on earthquakes not listed in NGDC's database was gathered from Stover, Carl W. and Jerry L. Coffman, 1993. Seismicity of the United States, 1568-1989 (revised). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 418p. (see <http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1527>), and d) as a last resort, damage information was completed with information from major newspaper. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Flooding: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Fog: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Hail: Source: a) National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. b) supplementary information was received from the Storm Prediction Center, Norman, OK (1960-1995) at <http://www.spc.noaa.gov/archive/index.html>. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Heat: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Hurricane/Tropical Storm: Source: a) National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. b) Supplementary information was received from the National Hurricane Center at <http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastall.html> and "Monthly Weather Review". Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Tornado: Source: a) National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. b) Supplementary information was received from the Storm Prediction Center, Norman, OK (1960-1995) at <http://www.spc.noaa.gov/archive/index.html>. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Wind: Source: a) National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. b) Supplementary information was received from the Storm Prediction Center, Norman, OK (1960-1995) at <http://www.spc.noaa.gov/archive/index.html>. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Landslide: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Supplementary information was received from Highland, L.M., R.L. Schuster and M.L. Johnson: "Signficant Landslide Events in the United States". Report. USGS National Landslide Information Center. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Lightning: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Severe Storm/Thunderstorm: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Tsunami/Seiche: Source: National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO, "Tsunami Event Database". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (since 1960) was manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Volcano: Source: a) Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institute at <http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/gup/indes.htm> for volcano name, location, elevation, type, statys, and last eruption, b) U.S. Geological Survey technical reports for deaths, injuries, and damages, c) Alaskan Volcano Observatory at <http://www.avo.alaska.edu/avo4/products/products.hmt>, Volcano World at the University of North Dakota at <http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vw_hyperexchange/CostVolc.html> and d) "Volcanic Hazards: A Source Book on the Effects of Eruptions" by R.J. Blong (1984, Academic Press: Orlando) for data on specific events. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Winter Weather: Source: National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Wildfire: Source: a) National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Every natural hazard event with more than $50,000 in losses (1960-1995) was manually entered into the database. All natural hazard events with a unique dollar amount in losses (since 1995) were manually entered into the database. b) Supplementary data was received from The U.S. Fire Administration at <http://www.usfa.fema.gov/inside-usfa/nfdc-data.cfm>. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Presidential disaster declarations: FEMA issues numbers for presidential disaster declarations by state. For every state, FEMA lists so-called designated counties affected by the event. SHELDUS does not include all PDDs. SHELDUS includes only PDDs for selected major events. For more information on presidential disaster declarations see <http://www.fema.gov/news/disasters.fema>. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: GLIDE number: The GLIDE number is a internationally recognized global identifier for large-scale events. The GLIDE number is fairly young initiative. Between 2002 and 2003, GLIDE numbers were issued for events that are included in the international hazard database (EM-DAT) maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) of the University of Louvain in Brussels (Belgium). Since 2004, GLIDE numbers are issued by members of the GLIDE initiative and upon request. SHELDUS does not include all U.S.-related GLIDE numbers nor is there a GLIDE number for every large-scale U.S. event. SHELDUS includes only GLIDE numbers for selected major events, given a GLIDE number exists. For more information see www.glidenumber.net Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Major events: The major events included in SHELDUS are a subjective choice by the authors of SHELDUS. This list includes not every billion dollar in the U.S.

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7. Metadata Reference Information

Metadata_Date: 20061207

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Hazards Vulnerability & Research Institute
Contact_Person: REQUIRED: The person responsible for the metadata information.

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: University of South Carolina
Address: Department of Geography
Address: Callcott Social Sciences Building
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: South Carolina
Postal_Code: 29208

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (803)777-1699

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Metadata_Extensions:

Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

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8. Download of Metadata

The metadata was generated using ArcCatalog 9.1. The downloadable metadata files can be imported into ArcCatalog. The file information does not differ from the above information.

Please download important metadata information in .txt or .xml format.

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