Population Vulnerability Analysis, Spatial Social Science and GIS
Lead Investigator, University of South Carolina: Susan Cutter
Primary Researchers:
Ann Bowman , Csilla Farkas , John Rose , Mark Tompkins , Susan Cutter
Grad Students: Lindsey Barnes, Kevin Borden, Chris Burton, Ginni Melton, Suman Pakala, and Bryan Parsons
Statement of Project Goals:
This project will apply the theoretical perspective of vulnerability science and spatial social science techniques to better identify which groups within the population are likely to be most vulnerable in the event of a terrorist or bioterrorist attack.
Project Description:
Advanced GIS and related tools of spatial social science will be used to analyze population vulnerability both broadly within the US and more specifically in the communities in which survey research will be conducted. Aspects of vulnerability that are expected to assume importance in such analyses include age, disability, household composition (e.g., aged persons living alone, single-parent families), residential patterns, income, and poverty levels. Key to this effort will be the development of more valid metrics for comparing relative levels of vulnerability within the population, taking into account location, group characteristics and resources, and information that can be inferred from social science research on diverse populations, such as inter-group differences in coping capacity and ability to recover from extreme and traumatic events. Taken together with the resilience-defining activities described in the preceding section, this research will present a holistic perspective on community and group vulnerability and resilience potential.
Milestones:
  • Spatial Hazard Event and Loss Database, US (SHELDUS): This natural hazard events and losses database was updated to 2005.
  • Year in Disasters: A new feature using the SHELDUS shows the preceding year in terms of disaster events and losses.
  • Post-Katrina field investigations in Mississippi that investigated the differential impact of storm surge inundation on coastal communities.
  • Subprojects (2006-07):
    Jurisdictional Variation in Capacity for Extreme Events

    Ann Bowman and Bryan Parsons

    This project compares different types of local jurisdictions as to (1) the perceived vulnerability to extreme events, (2) the relative emphasis on preparedness versus response, and (3) the functioning of inter-jurisdictional networks. The research is driven by this question: how does capacity (be it preparedness or response) vary as distance from the center increases? The units of analysis are counties, cities, and school districts in the Midlands region of South Carolina. The primary methodology is comparative case study, using data gathered from interviews of elites and analysis of relevant state, regional, and local documents.

    Graduate Certificate in Terrorism and Security

    Mark Tompkins

    This project is seeking key stakeholder input within the University of South Carolina to develop a graduate certificate (9-12 credits) in the area of Homeland and National Security Studies. The multidisciplinary program is intended to include a series of core courses that provide additional expertise to traditional disciplinary graduate programs within the university.

    Vulnerability to Cyber Terrorism

    John Rose, Csilla Farkas, and Suman Pakala

    An assessment of the current state of research on vulnerability to cyber terrorism is underway with a specific focus on the cascading effects of cyber terrorism on other infrastructure and its short-term and longer term economic impacts. The project will examine a specific economic sector to examine the social impacts of a cyber terrorism attack. It will explore differences between cyber attacks and other types of terrorism such as the cost of mounting attacks to understand what circumstances favor cyber attacks. It will also explore preliminary approaches for modeling the social impacts and conduct such an assessment on a sector-specific basis.

    Comparative Vulnerability of Cities

    Susan L. Cutter, Kevin Borden, and Chris Burton

    Many components of the built environment are interconnected in terms of functionality and shared geographic space, yet there is no systematic attempt to ascertain which cities are more vulnerable than other based on aggregate measures of critical infrastructure and population vulnerability. This project explores the development of improved metrics for comparing the relative vulnerability of the nation’s urban areas to high consequence events. Similarly, the relationship between vulnerability levels and urban spatial form need to be examined in light of improved opportunities for preparedness and response. A test case of Sacramento and Stockton, CA is underway.

    Hazard Mortality Estimates

    Susan L. Cutter and Kevin Borden

    Improvements in the mortality data in SHELDUS will enhance the utility of this database for hazards assessment at the county level. A companion database of US terrorism mortality will also be developed. Both datasets will be explored using spatial statistical methods for quantitative risk and hazard assessment including risk-benchmarking to this dataset.

    Distributional Inequities in Natural Hazard Exposure, Resilience, and Response

    Susan L. Cutter, Ginni Melton, and Chris Burton

    There are documented social and economic disparities both within and between counties and cities that affect the amount of social and economic capital devoted to preparedness and response. This project builds on the quick response research on Hurricane Katrina to assess the underlying conditions that either favor or impede recovery in the region. The development of some predictive capability on which communities might recover faster than others based on their underlying level of vulnerability will also occur. The primary test bed is the Mississippi Gulf Coast.

    SHELDUS and Social Vulnerability Metrics

    Susan L. Cutter and Lindsey Barnes

    This project continues the updating and refinements to the SHELDUS database. This includes the updating of the hazard event and loss data and the production of This Year in Disasters report. Web applications for the Social Vulnerability metrics also will be explored and refined.


    Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute
    Department of Geography
    University of South Carolina
    Columbia, South Carolina 29208
    Phone: 803.777.1699
    Fax: 803.777.4972
    email: scutter@sc.edu

    Page last updated: 31 October 2006
    © Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute,
    University of South Carolina